在centos上设置hdfs(hadoop分布式文件系统)的安全措施,一般包含以下几步:
1. Hadoop的安装与配置
首先,要保证Hadoop已安装并且HDFS已正确配置。
安装Hadoop
sudo yum install hadoop
HDFS配置
修改/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml文件中的HDFS基础参数,例如:
<configuration><property><name>dfs.replication</name><value>3</value></property><property><name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name><value>/var/hadoop/hdfs/namenode</value></property><property><name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name><value>/var/hadoop/hdfs/datanode</value></property></configuration>
2. Kerberos认证的配置
Kerberos是HDFS常见的安全认证方式。
Kerberos的安装
sudo yum install krb5-server krb5-workstation
Kerberos初始化
sudo kdb5_util create -r /var/krb5kdc/principal -s sudo systemctl start krb5kdc sudo systemctl enable krb5kdc
Kerberos客户端配置
编辑/etc/krb5.conf文件,设定Kerberos客户端参数:
[libdefaults] default_realm = YOUR.REALM.COM dns_lookup_realm = false dns_lookup_kdc = false ticket_lifetime = 24h renew_lifetime = 7d forwardable = true [realms] YOUR.REALM.COM = { kdc = kdc.your.realm.com:88 admin_server = kdc.your.realm.com:749 } [domain_realm] .your.realm.com = YOUR.REALM.COM your.realm.com = YOUR.REALM.COM
Kerberos主体创建
sudo kadmin.local -q "addprinc -randkey hdfs/kdc.your.realm.com@YOUR.REALM.COM" sudo kadmin.local -q "ktadd -k /var/krb5kdc/hdfs.keytab hdfs/kdc.your.realm.com@YOUR.REALM.COM"
3. HDFS安全模式的配置
修改/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml文件,开启Kerberos认证:
<configuration><property><name>hadoop.security.authentication</name><value>kerberos</value></property><property><name>hadoop.security.authorization</name><value>true</value></property></configuration>
4. HDFS权限的配置
编辑/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml文件,设定HDFS的权限及ACL:
<configuration><property><name>dfs.permissions.enabled</name><value>true</value></property><property><name>dfs.namenode.acls.enabled</name><value>true</value></property></configuration>
5. Hadoop服务重启
sudo systemctl restart hadoop-namenode sudo systemctl restart hadoop-datanode sudo systemctl restart hadoop-secondarynamenode
6. 配置验证
利用kinit命令获取Kerberos票证,并尝试访问HDFS:
kinit hdfs/kdc.your.realm.com@YOUR.REALM.COM hdfs dfs -ls /
依照上述步骤,你应该能在centos上成功配置HDFS的安全策略。请依据你的具体要求和环境做出相应调整。
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