本教程旨在指导开发者如何利用javascript获取html输入框的值，并通过按钮事件触发数据筛选功能。文章详细介绍了document.getelementbyid().value的用法，以及如何将用户输入传递给javascript函数进行数据处理，从而实现动态、交互式的搜索体验，并强调了大小写转换在搜索中的重要性。
在现代网页应用中，用户输入是实现动态交互的关键。本教程将详细讲解如何通过javaScript获取html表单输入框（input元素）的值，并结合按钮点击事件，对预定义的数据集进行筛选和展示。我们将以一个职位搜索功能为例，演示这一过程。
1. 准备HTML结构
首先，我们需要构建用户界面，包括两个文本输入框用于输入职位名称和地点，以及一个按钮用于触发搜索。同时，为了展示搜索结果，我们还需要一个容器元素。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>动态职位搜索</title> <style> body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; margin: 20px; background-color: #f4f7f6; color: #333; } h1 { color: #2c3e50; } form { background-color: #fff; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); margin-bottom: 20px; } input[type="text"] { padding: 10px; margin-right: 10px; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; width: 200px; box-sizing: border-box; } button { padding: 10px 20px; background-color: #007bff; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; transition: background-color 0.3s ease; } button:hover { background-color: #0056b3; } #results { margin-top: 20px; } .job-item { background-color: #e9ecef; border: 1px solid #dee2e6; padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; border-radius: 6px; } .job-item strong { color: #0056b3; } .no-results { color: #dc3545; font-style: italic; } .summary { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 15px; color: #28a745; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>职位搜索</h1> <form> <input type="text" id="title" placeholder="请输入职位名称"> <input type="text" id="locationInput" placeholder="请输入地点"> <button type="button" onclick="searchAndDisplayJobs()">搜索</button> </form> <div id="results"></div> <script src="script.js"></script> </body> </html>
请注意，我们将javascript代码放在一个单独的文件 script.js 中，并在HTML底部通过 <script src=”script.js”></script> 引入，这是一种良好的实践，有助于分离结构和行为。
2. 定义数据源
在JavaScript中，我们需要一个包含职位信息的数组作为数据源。每个职位对象应包含 title（职位名称）和 location（地点）属性。
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// script.js const jobs = [{ title: "Marketing Intern", location: "US, NY, New York" }, { title: "Customer Service - Cloud Video Production", location: "NZ, Auckland", }, { title: "Commissioning machinery Assistant (CMA)", location: "US, IA, Wever", }, { title: "Account Executive - Washington DC", location: "US, DC, Washington", }, { title: "Bill Review Manager", location: "US, FL, Fort Worth" }, { title: "Accounting Clerk", location: "US, MD," }, { title: "Head of Content (m/f)", location: "DE, BE, Berlin" }, { title: "Lead Guest Service Specialist", location: "US, CA, San Francisco", }, { title: "HP BSM SME", location: "US, FL, Pensacola" }, { title: "Customer Service Associate - Part Time", location: "US, AZ, Phoenix", }, { title: "ASP.net Developer Job opportunity at United States,New Jersey", location: "US, NJ, Jersey City", }, { title: "Talent Sourcer (6 months fixed-term contract)", location: "GB, LND, London", }, { title: "applications Developer, Digital", location: "US, CT, Stamford", }, { title: "Installers", location: "US, FL, Orlando" }, { title: "Account Executive - Sydney", location: "AU, NSW, Sydney" }, { title: "VP of Sales - Vault Dragon", location: "SG, 01, Singapore", }, { title: "Hands-On QA Leader", location: "IL, Tel Aviv, Israel" }, { title: "Southend-on-Sea Traineeships Under nas 16-18 Year Olds Only", location: "GB, SOS, Southend-on-Sea", }, { title: "Visual Designer", location: "US, NY, New York" }, { title: "Process Controls Engineer - DCS PLC MS office - PA", location: "US, PA, USA Northeast", }, { title: "Marketing Assistant", location: "US, TX, Austin" }, { title: "Front End Developer", location: "NZ, N, Auckland" }, { title: "Engagement Manager", location: "AE," }, { title: "Vice President, Sales and Sponsorship (Businessfriend.com)", location: "US, CA, Carlsbad", }, { title: "Customer Service", location: "GB, LND, London" }, { title: "H1B SPONSOR FOR L1/L2/OPT", location: "US, NY, New York" }, { title: "Marketing Exec", location: "SG," }, { title: "HAAD/DHA Licensed Doctors Opening in UAE", location: "AE, AZ, Abudhabi", }, { title: "Talent Management Process Manager", location: "US, MO, St. Louis", }, { title: "Customer Service Associate", location: "CA, ON, Toronto" }, { title: "Customer Service Technical Specialist", location: "US, MA, Waltham", }, { title: "Software Applications Specialist", location: "US, KS," }, { title: "Craftsman Associate", location: "US, WA, Everett" }, { title: "Completion Engineer", location: "US, CA, San Ramon" }, { title: "I Want To Work At Karmarama", location: "GB, LND," }, { title: "English Teacher Abroad", location: "US, NY, Saint Bonaventure", }, ];
3. 实现搜索逻辑
现在，我们将编写 searchAndDisplayJobs() 函数。这个函数将在用户点击“搜索”按钮时执行，负责获取输入值、筛选数据并更新页面。
3.1 获取用户输入
使用 document.getElementById(‘id’) 方法可以获取到HTML元素，然后通过 .value 属性可以获取该输入框的当前值。为了实现大小写不敏感的搜索，我们通常会将获取到的值转换为小写，即使用 .toLowerCase() 方法。
// script.js (接上文) function searchAndDisplayJobs() { // 获取职位名称输入框的值并转换为小写 const titleQuery = document.getElementById('title').value.toLowerCase(); // 获取地点输入框的值并转换为小写 const locationQuery = document.getElementById('locationInput').value.toLowerCase(); // 获取用于显示结果的DOM元素 const resultsDiv = document.getElementById('results'); // 在每次搜索前清空上次的结果，避免重复显示 resultsDiv.innerHTML = ''; let count = 0; // 记录找到的职位数量 const matchingJobs = []; // 存储匹配的职位 // 遍历所有职位数据进行筛选 jobs.forEach(job => { const lowercaseTitle = job.title.toLowerCase(); const lowercaseLocation = job.location.toLowerCase(); // 判断职位标题和地点是否包含用户输入 if (lowercaseTitle.includes(titleQuery) && lowercaseLocation.includes(locationQuery)) { matchingJobs.push(job); count++; } }); // 根据筛选结果更新页面 if (matchingJobs.length > 0) { matchingJobs.forEach(job => { const jobElement = document.createElement('div'); jobElement.className = 'job-item'; // 添加样式类 jobElement.innerHTML = ` <p><strong>职位:</strong> ${job.title}</p> <p><strong>地点:</strong> ${job.location}</p> `; resultsDiv.appendChild(jobElement); }); } else { resultsDiv.innerHTML = '<p class="no-results">未找到匹配的职位。</p>'; } // 显示搜索结果摘要 const summaryElement = document.createElement('p'); summaryElement.className = 'summary'; summaryElement.textContent = `共找到 ${count} 个匹配职位。`; resultsDiv.appendChild(summaryElement); }
3.2 完整示例代码
将上述HTML和JavaScript代码结合起来，即可实现完整的动态职位搜索功能。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>动态职位搜索</title> <style> body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; margin: 20px; background-color: #f4f7f6; color: #333; } h1 { color: #2c3e50; } form { background-color: #fff; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); margin-bottom: 20px; } input[type="text"] { padding: 10px; margin-right: 10px; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; width: 200px; box-sizing: border-box; } button { padding: 10px 20px; background-color: #007bff; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; transition: background-color 0.3s ease; } button:hover { background-color: #0056b3; } #results { margin-top: 20px; } .job-item { background-color: #e9ecef; border: 1px solid #dee2e6; padding: 15px