Hadoop在Linux上如何配置高可用

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在linux上配置Hadoop高可用性（High Availability, HA）主要包括配置NameNode和ResourceManager的高可用性，使用zookeeper进行协调，以及配置数据备份和恢复策略等。以下是详细的步骤：

1. 准备工作

• 环境准备：确保所有节点（至少3个）安装相同版本的Hadoop，并配置好网络，使得节点之间可以互相通信。
• 关闭防火墙：临时关闭防火墙以便进行后续配置。

2. 配置NameNode高可用性

• 配置文件：
  • core-site.xml：

    <<span>configuration></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>fs.defaultFS</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>hdfs://cluster1</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>ha.zookeeper.quorum</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>zoo1:2181,zoo2:2181,zoo3:2181</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span> </<span>configuration></span> 
  • hdfs-site.xml：

    <<span>configuration></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>dfs.replication</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>3</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.name.dir</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>/path/to/namenode/dir1,/path/to/namenode/dir2</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>qjournal://journalnode1:8485;journalnode2:8485;journalnode3:8485/cluster1</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>true</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span> </<span>configuration></span> 
• 启动ZooKeeper Failover Controller (ZKFC)：在两个NameNode上启动ZKFC进程，用于监控NameNode的状态并执行故障转移。

3. 配置ResourceManager高可用性

• 配置文件：
  • yarn-site.xml：

    <<span>configuration></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>true</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>yarn1</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>rm1,rm2</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span>     <<span>property></span>         <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</<span>name></span>         <<span>value></span>zoo1:2181,zoo2:2181,zoo3:2181</<span>value></span>     </<span>property></span> </<span>configuration></span> 
• 启动ResourceManager：在两个ResourceManager节点上启动ResourceManager进程。

4. 配置DataNode

• 配置文件：
  • hdfs-site.xml（在DataNode上也需配置）：

    <<span>property></span>     <<span>name></span>dfs.datanode.data.dir</<span>name></span>     <<span>value></span>/path/to/datanode/dir</<span>value></span> </<span>property></span> 
• 启动DataNode：在每个DataNode上启动DataNode进程。

5. 监控和告警

• 监控工具：使用Hadoop的内置监控工具或第三方监控工具（如Ganglia、prometheus等）来监控集群的状态和性能指标。

6. 测试故障转移

• 模拟NameNode或ResourceManager故障，验证自动故障转移机制是否正常工作。

通过以上步骤，可以在Linux上配置Hadoop的高可用性，确保在节点故障时集群能够自动进行故障转移，保证服务的连续性和数据的可靠性。