本文给大家分享的是mysql学习笔记系列文章的入门篇，主要讲述mysql表的基本操作命令，非常详细，有需要的小伙伴可以来查看下
创建表
create table 表名
create table if not exists 表名
mysql> create database company; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use company; Database changed mysql> create table if not exists t_dept( -> deptno int, -> dname varchar(20), -> loc varchar(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec) mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_company | +-------------------+ | t_dept | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
显示当前库下的所有表
show tables;
mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_company | +-------------------+ | t_dept | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看表的结构
describe 表名
简写
desc 表名
mysql> describe t_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc t_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看表的详细
show create table 表名
mysql> show create table t_dept; +--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | t_dept | CREATE TABLE `t_dept` ( `deptno` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `dname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `loc` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) show create table t_dept G mysql> show create table t_dept G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t_dept Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t_dept` ( `deptno` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `dname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `loc` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
删除表
drop table 表名
drop table if exists 表名
mysql> drop table if exists t_dept; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)
修改表名
ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME [TO] new_table_name
old_table_name 原表名
new_table_name 新表名
将t_dept修改为tab_dept
mysql> alter table t_dept rename tab_dept; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_company | +-------------------+ | tab_dept | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
为表增加一个字段默认在最后
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型
为tab_dept增加一个字段descri varchar(20)
mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table tab_dept add descri varchar(20); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在表的第一个位置增加一个字段
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型 first
mysql> alter table tab_dept add id int first; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在表的指定字段之后增加字段
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型 AFTER 属性名
mysql> alter table tab_dept add comm varchar(20) after dname; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | comm | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除字段
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP 属性名
mysql> alter table tab_dept drop comm; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字段修改-修改字段数据类型
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY 属性名 数据类型
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify descri int; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字段修改-修改字段名称
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 旧属性名 新属性名 旧数据类型
mysql> alter table tab_dept change id deptid int; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字段修改-同时修改字段名称与数据类型
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 旧属性名 新属性名 新数据类型
mysql> alter table tab_dept change deptid id varchar(32); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改顺序
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY 属性名1 数据类型 FIRST|AFTER 属性名2
2个属性必须存在
将deptno调到第一个位置
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int first; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | id | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
将ID放在最后
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int after descri; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.29 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int first; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.34 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> alter table tab_dept modify id int after descri; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.47 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc tab_dept; +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | deptno | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | loc | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | | | descri | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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